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Contacted Hosts No relevant hosts were contacted. Download All Memory Strings 3. O 95cL! YUow 35Q d:! VNx89i u88FcN78 X,! CqTD3 S Wmv42q D79[ d;L55sO. EJGG 95c? NiP38 94T ZL 62EL,w. E 5v12B10[60J95jssv92T93 x? Public Policy 42 Suppl. The Green New Deal should not be funded with deficit spending. Saddling future generations with part of long-term strategies to develop industries unsustainable levels of national debt is just as dan- around such technologies as solar panels, electric gerous as burdening them with an economy that is cars and wind turbines.

Other economies spent much less: the United environmentally unsustainable. Deficit spending is warranted to boost States devoted about 0. Since the global economic recovery began sumers do not spend and private investment is down. When that is not in , there has been scant additional support for this green transition.

Meanwhile, China has become the leading producer of solar cells, Crafting a successful Green New Deal will be hard work. In , the wind turbines, energy-saving lights and solar water heaters. It aims to be G20 promised to phase out fossil-fuel consumption subsidies, but so far the market leader in fuel-efficient cars.

South Korea has also expanded only Indonesia has implemented substantial reforms. Taxes and carbon exports from green industries, including an ambitious plan imple- pricing have always faced stiff political resistance, especially in the United mented during —13 to create 1. Most economies have a poor track record of long-term planning, green growth by In most major economies, however, green sectors which will be needed for any green investment strategy.

And yet, the US have largely been left to develop on their own, and remain niche. For Green New Deal represents the first time a major Western economy has example, in the United States, sectors such as renewable energy, pollu- proposed a comprehensive ten-year plan for a green transition.

Coady et al. World Dev. Cambridge Univ. Press, Subsidies for agriculture, water and transportation e-mail: edward. Satellite and aerial blade. The blast reduced Japanese whaling commercial whaling. Japan Ebola troubles Anak Krakatau to one-third Japan has been condemned for says it will now participate in Political protests are thwarting of its previous height. The its decision to withdraw from the IWC only as an observer. Ebola control efforts in Beni volcano had been erupting the International Whaling and Butembo, northeastern since June.

Republic of the Congo. On the volcano Krakatau, whose The government announced US shutdown 28 December, the World eruption generated a on 26 December that it will Several major US science Health Organization reported tsunami that killed at least begin commercially hunting agencies shut down that it is struggling to carry out 36, people.

In Beni, protesters Ocean. The IWC, based in government operations. By law, they must motivation is to suppress votes. Science, which says the overall Mexico This diversification of players rise is comparable to increases in science is a phenomenal over the past few years, and is Iran success, says Caroline Wagner, a likely to continue in Japan to begin pioneering hunt for gravitational waves The underground KAGRA detector will deploy ambitious technology to improve sensitivity.

I nside a house-sized scaffolding wrapped forth along two 3-kilometre, high-vacuum ripples in the fabric of space-time, created by in thick plastic sheets, Takayuki Tomaru pipes, ready to sense the passage of gravitational cataclysmic cosmic events such as the merging is in full clean-room attire.

They will be able to dissect the cylinder of solid sapphire known as a test mass. Because gravitational waves stretch stepped in to champion such a project. Cambridge who co-founded LIGO. Keeping the tunnels dry a century ago. Researchers at the Univer- because cryogenic cooling poses a conundrum required an extra layer of lining, says Kokeyama, sity of Tokyo built prototype interferom- for gravitational-wave science.

Researchers had to Each spring, when the snow above ground Kingdom and Germany. Due to open in late , it is the first one to be built underground, and to have cryogenically cooled mirrors, operating at around 20 kelvin. Both innovations should help KAGRA to separate the cosmic ready before the end of , in time to join ripples from background noise. And the US community is design- the opposite happens. It will help us enormously to have that experience. The student-led protests started in April in response to a decree from President Daniel Ortega that increased social-security taxes and reduced pensions.

Fierce confrontations between protesters, police and activists supporting the government have resulted in more than deaths. December, the government shut down the organization of universities and associations Lawson provided donated equipment, and offices of nine non-governmental organiza- focused on protecting academic freedom. The state seized the property of all officers close to his house.

Government in the country. A November meeting of the institutes. A letter notifying Pastora of his dismissal Mesoamerican Society for Biology and The trouble has even affected the Nicaraguan gave no reason for the action. But Pastora attributes his sacking, Nicaragua, to Panama for security reasons. The threats fact that they joined some of the protests. The been postponed by a year. Several members, projects that would affect Indigenous groups wounded protesters from seeking treatment, including Acosta, of the Civic Alliance — an and the environment.

I do not with death, or have fled the country. The research-. They then allowed it to cool while keeping it at high pressure, and measured its electronic properties. A lanthanum-based compound seems to act as a superconductor at near room temperature. Hint seen of new material expelled existing magnetic fields from itself.

P hysicists say they might have achieved material they synthesized. The material is a these predictions begun to be tested in the lab. The achievement of superconductivity perature superconductivity. Somayazulu, M. Drozdov, A. Ashcroft, N. It is, in fact, a ence in August. His team is now publishing the pound and watched its structure change along retrovirus. Researchers hope to confirm understand whether the remote and seemingly More fossils illuminating the origins of ancient whether He, a genome-editing researcher unstable Thwaites Glacier will start to collapse hominin species could emerge from islands in at the Southern University of Science and in the next few decades.

Following an international outcry, and sensors affixed to seals. Later in the year, Flores in Outlays on science discovery of the Higgs boson. The ILC would they fund to immediately archive papers in China have accelerated since , although study the Higgs in detail.

But a report accepted for publication in free-to-access the country still trails behind the United States commissioned by the Japanese government repositories — a practice that many journals on measures of research quality.

Over in Europe, failed to support the project, citing its cost. By the end of , researchers mid Since the start of its Canada is set to harvest the results of a boom in marijuana research. It itly aimed at understanding how to artificially gas emissions. The US-led SCoPEx team is will soon hunt for the faint signals that emerge cool the planet using a practice called solar awaiting the go-ahead from an independent from phenomena such as fast radio bursts and geoengineering.

Scientists behind the Strato- advisory committee. In , the to observe how they disperse. Such particles first results from a flurry of studies into the plans cleared the last of a long series of legal could eventually cool the planet by reflecting cultivation and basic biology of cannabis.

In challenges lodged by locals. Overlapping two sheets of graphene shows a characteristic pattern. When he stood up in March to give a talk in Los Angeles, California, he saw scientists packed into every nook of the. The organizers of the Ameri- can Physical Society conference had to stream the session to a huge adjacent space, where a standing-room-only crowd had gathered.

Graphene had previously been cajoled scenes is frenetic, says Lau. Three other teams told Nature that range of effects. If the sheets are into this behaviour by combining it with they have replicated some or all of the rotated with respect to one materials that were already known to MIT findings, although some are keep- another at just the right angle, the interaction of electrons in the two be superconductors, or by chemically ing their cards close to their chests while layers can give rise to new splicing it with other elements.

This new- they experiment with other 2D materials electronic properties. But Physicists at the meeting were even sorting out whether the same mechanism more excited because of the way in which that underlies superconductivity in high- Unit cell of a graphene bilayer seems to become a temperature superconductors is at play graphene superconductor. There were hints that in twisted graphene will take much more its remarkable properties arose from information, says Lau.

If cal. Conference delegates teased him superconductivity in simple graphene that the last time someone had presented is caused by the same mechanism, the something so cool, it was Jan Hendrik 1. That, superconductivity and other phenomena in turn, could help researchers to engi- turned out to be fraudulent. Overlaid at angles of says Lau. But wait. In theory, all kinds of layered 2D know to replicate the experiment.

That material, when twisted to the proper angle, turned out to be harder than anticipated. But having New Jersey, and her colleagues saw hints of the two layers. But students in his lab at could achieve the very low temperatures needed, and the researchers in unconventional superconductors — many the Massachusetts were already experts in preparing very clean samples.

But coaxing gra- of which carry current with zero resistance at Institute of Technology. Hitting the angle is difficult, not least because it subtly changes from The MIT experiments showed hints of this unconventional sample to sample, depending on how each one is made. That suggests that, unlike in a conventional all oriented in the same direction, the slightest heat or strain can cause superconductor, whatever force drew the electrons together must be the layers to fall into alignment.

But getting those samples to superconduct required equip- repulsion between the particles pins them in place. One problem with cuprates, such as yttrium ured several devices in which resistance shot up — characteristic of an barium copper oxide, is that they are a jumble of elements that proves insulator — but dropped to zero, as in superconductors, when they fed difficult to model. In many of these, electric current runs without resistance at turning a knob on a voltage source, says Andrei.

But quite how that happens remains a mystery: unconventional superconductor, or even whether the behaviour arises one that, when solved, could allow physicists to engineer materials that exactly because of the conditions described by the magic-angle theory. Achiev- The flood of theory papers posted since March covers every possibility. That makes theories flexible enough All forms of superconductivity rely on electrons pairing up in ways for physicists to sometimes tweak them to fit new data, says Young.

Few that allow them to travel without resistance. In conventional super- theories explain the findings in full, and many do not include predictions conductors — the kind that power the magnets in magnetic resonance that would allow experimentalists to tease apart different scenarios, adds imaging MRI machines — electrons pair up only indirectly, as a by- Jarillo-Herrero.

So far, there is evidence for both unconventional and conventional Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Palaiseau, France, and formerly a superconductivity in graphene. For Crucially, graphene and other 2D systems allow for much greater one thing, his team has observed that the strength of the magnetic field experimental control than do other strongly correlated materials, she necessary to strip superconductivity from a sample, through a process says.

Researchers can smoothly tune not only the electric field to alter known as the Meissner effect, varies with direction it should be uniform behaviour, but also the twist angle — while at Columbia, Ribeiro- in conventional superconductors. Palau and her colleagues used the tip of an atomic force microscope to smoothly spin one layer with respect to the other7.

Their samples are more uniform than those of the MIT group, Squeezing the layers closer together increases the strength of the inter- says Young, and show some contrasting results.

And, in contrast to cuprates, DOING THE TWIST which can be insulating at higher temperatures than those at which they Kim and his colleagues have already replicated the graphene finding, superconduct, in twisted graphene the two states seem to be present in he says.

Now they are looking to see whether they can also generate a similar temperature range, he adds. Before the MIT sample but still allow electron interactions, could help to clarify the situation, says Young.

With the possibilities demonstrated studying the sample as a whole. In this delicate system, Young says that fornia, Berkeley, says he and his colleagues have seen signs of super- even the material used to make the electrodes can interfere with results.

And applied physicists are thinking about how the unusual researchers say the system is fascinating because it is a rare example of properties of twisted 2D stacks might be harnessed to store and process dramatic change coming from a small physical tweak.

This month, experimentalists and theorists will gather at Whatever is going on in the superconducting state, physicists agree the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara for a work- that the accompanying insulating state is almost impossible to explain shop that will thrash out key questions in the burgeoning field.

Jarillo- without some kind of interaction between electrons. Like a metal, gra- Herrero hopes the meeting will help bring theorists into alignment. Somehow, despite experimentalists might be willing to show their hand and publicly reveal the presence of these free electrons, which are absent in conventional their data, he adds.

Cao, Y. Nature , 43—50 Nature , 80—84 Yankowitz, M. Bistritzer, R. Natl Acad. USA , — B Young. Many of these states emerge under conditions that, at least to 82, Li, G.

Nature Phys. Ribeiro-Palau, R. Science , — This raises the possibility that other intriguing states could emerge from 8. Chittari, B. The Tsho Rolpa valley in Nepal, where increased meltwater from glaciers in the Himalayas puts local communities at risk. And weather patterns reservoir of ice and snow after the Climate change threatens this vast frozen are shifting. A weaker Indian monsoon is Arctic and Antarctic. For the reducing precipitation in the Himalayas6 and the Himalaya—Hindu Kush mountain ranges past 50 years, glaciers in the Himalayas and southern Tibetan Plateau; snow and rain are and the Tibetan Plateau.

The region hosts Tibetan Plateau have been shrinking2. Meltwater feeds ten great might lose as much as half by mid-century3. River region, or how they will pan out. Some riv- Ganges, Yellow and Yangtze, on which almost flows at the start of summer peak earlier than ers in central Asia, such as those feeding.

Researchers Physical processes that affect glaciers are dry up7. We cannot predict Already, Tibetan communities are dealing that affect precipitation and ice-melting. The how much meltwater will descend into lakes with the impacts of collapsing glaciers. In water cycle must be traced in three dimen- and rivers, nor how wet soils might increase October , debris dammed the Yarlung sions — as liquid water, ice and water vapour, local precipitation. Computer models also need to factor.

The west- Communities need information to help for the region. Satellite images Bay of Bengal, Arabian circulation, and so struggle to reproduce and climate models are too coarse to resolve Sea and Indian Ocean; climate weather patterns in the third pole.

New local changes. Only 0. It must track clas- and beyond8. In the resolve local region have monitoring stations. Few areas sical meteorological variables, such as air north and west of the changes.

And it needs to expand erly winds bring moisture from the Mediter- detectors. This provides crucial insights plants through transpiration. The first priority must be to extend the into the origin of atmospheric moisture and We know these patterns thanks to observa- network of weather and isotope-monitoring the processes it has gone through, such as tions of stable isotopes in water.

In the verti- stations. There are already plans to install evaporation and condensation. The instal- ment TPE; led by T. Norway to Nepal. It has a budget of 1. This monitoring network is already ing of the role of each process in the overall study environmental changes in the third larger than similar efforts in Antarctica and water budget.

Nor is it clear how much pole, Iranian Plateau, Caucasus Mountains the Arctic, and almost doubles the number water passes between solid, liquid and and Carpathian Mountains.

Another pro- of such stations around the world. Throughout this year programme, the cost of instruments, staff and maintenance is likely to rise from 8 million yuan a year to about million yuan. Most of the monitoring stations will be set up along two axes. A south—north line of 15 stations at —kilometre intervals, stretching from the tropical Indian Ocean, across Bangladesh and Nepal to the Tian Shan Mountains, will monitor processes linked to the monsoon.

Snow and rainfall, glacier melt and lake and river discharge will be observed in river basins, along with levels of glacial debris, permafrost and groundwater. The interplay between elevation, atmos- Researchers set up instruments to measure stable isotopes in atmospheric water vapour near Everest. Mountains from mean.

Monsoons, westerly Major river Glacier Kangwure winds and evaporation and transpiration from soils Intensive topographic study site —10 and plants are the main sources of precipitation. GAO, T. Each site will host 10 stations at for conserving biodiversity. Hans Christian will be challenging. Devices must be robust must work together. Researchers should help Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen; such as fast, laser-based spectroscopic iso- communities to understand what is happen- and at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate tope measurements and high-resolution ing to their climate and environment, and Research, Bergen, Norway.

Weicai Wang light detection and ranging lidar systems. A new generation of Earth-system communities. Immerzeel, W. Yao, T. Nature Clim. Change 2, — sphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Models be at the fore. Farinotti, D. Nature Geosci. Zhang, G. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, 5. Huss, M.

Change 8, — Roxy, M. Nature Commun. Lutz, A. Change 4, — gies greenhouse-gas emissions, aerosols, China. Tandong Yao is a member of Li, W. Nicola Jones reports. Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany. Ancient Seas species, the long-necked sauropod Until 27 January.

Full-scale around this September. Less well America. Koch Hall of Fossils will open known is his role in early photography. Talbot; another with some of the first-known reached the In , microbiology student photographs of Mexico, Venezuela and Cuba. Projecto Giulia Enders penned a book. The of an exhibition featuring drawings an anniversary will be marked across Europe.

A virtual tour of what movement and erosive capacity of water, designed by Leonardo. Leonardo da Vinci more. The codex will also be on display, The Louvre, Paris. At this blockbuster show, drawings 8 September. They join his five notable 1 February — 6 May. Castle on 2 May. The nature-inspired murals paintings held by the Louvre, including One hundred and forty-four drawings that Leonardo painted for the Duke of Milan the Mona Lisa.

The bestseller inspired this 28 April — 14 October. Also exhibition, produced with the French National On 20 July , Apollo 11 delivered on view will be French astronomer Charles Institute for Agricultural Research among astronauts to the Moon for the first time. How we gather, hunt, grow and process food has changed dramatically, from the invention of agriculture some 10, years ago to the creation of weight-loss supplements.

This exhibition looks at the science and politics of what we eat, from urban farming to synthetic, lab-grown meat fibres and algae- coated spheres of water. Natalia Goncharova Tate Modern, London. In the early twentieth century, Russian avant-garde artist Natalia Goncharova and her partner Mikhail Larionov developed rayonism — an artistic style drawing inspiration from contemporary scientific. Controversial nineteenth-century surgeon Marion Sims developed an operation for vesicovaginal fistula, a birth complication that leaves women incontinent.

Egregiously, he experimented without anaesthesia on enslaved women of colour in Alabama. They had no power to refuse or consent. Medicine Galleries 2 July, Science Museum, London. Some US Army Corps engineer Brad Pitt sets alignment with talks, tours and workshops 2, artefacts from its archives, and those out to discover what happened, in this for eclipse-chasers. The year is a big one for of the Wellcome Collection across town, will blockbuster film directed by James Gray.

A US release: 24 May. The International Astronomical Union turns 3. Genest, who covered his body with tattoos facility just outside Washington DC. The of his skeleton and organs. Berlin Palace. Opening end of Archaeologists examining the Museum. A major graffiti have found inscriptions in ancient naturalist Alexander von Humboldt and twist awaits. Egyptian and Greek describing everything his diplomat brother Wilhelm — will house from festivals to diplomatic missions.

The Humboldt Will Smith as an ageing assassin who bow and a giraffe — discovered in a rock-cut Laboratory will be dedicated to showcasing must fight a younger clone of himself. El Kurru, northern Sudan. Correspondence NIH reviewers on sex-inclusion policy contrasts institutional response to flooding Rwanda takes up sex-inclusion policy with the slow progress on by using digital systems. Geller et al. Woitowich,Teresa Gene drives: equity policy see also Nature , of preclinical studies: in other K.

Woodruff Feinberg School demands civility —; Such efforts words, they should include of Medicine, Northwestern see, for example, go. World Bank data show been working, we surveyed Biological Diversity late last that life expectancy in Rwanda the scientists who review NIH Help islands cope year, I witnessed the rapid rose from 29 to 68 years between grant applications — called with climate change deterioration of a crucial and , and mortality study-section members — in discussion.

In their responses, among the most vulnerable to the in environmental conservation. The Rwanda Biomedical we found cause for both effects of climate change. They What started as heckling Center in Kigali City, for commendation and concern. To help these states, of misinformation.

Such with researchers across that an increasing number of many of which are members disruptive behaviour robbed the world in the Demand- investigators are incorporating of the commonwealth, the the global community of a rare Driven Evaluations for the policy into their submissions Association of Commonwealth opportunity to debate gene Decisions programme to for details, see N.

Woitowich Universities launched the drives in a meaningful way. Woodruff J. In , Resilience Network last year. In theory, gene community-based malaria would improve the rigour and These institutions include the drives could restore threatened treatment during times of reproducibility of biomedical University of the West Indies, the ecosystems and eliminate vectors resurgence, for example.

Health research. Although study- University of the South Pacific of disease. But they could also professionals can then use the section members are a subset of and Fiji National University. Some did not scholarships. One is the Quake those environments, including Correspondence consider the policy to be a score- Centre, established in partnership historically marginalized may be submitted to driving factor.

The swift uptake of the government on a long-term natalie. A strategy has been devised that enables mimics of these intermediates to be visualized. See Letter p. Unfortunately, the substitute Carrier residues are generally limited to those derived domain Thioesterase Acyl-enzyme Hydrolysis from amino acids that exist in nature canonical domain intermediate amino acids. On page , Huguenin-Dezot et al.

Enzymes known as non-ribosomal method for studying enzyme mechanisms that peptide synthetases assemble peptides or depsipeptides peptides that contain one or more ester uses genetic-code expansion in a new way. The linkages.

These enzymes use carrier domains to shuttle the growing product to catalytic domains for authors demonstrate the utility of this approach modification and extension. A nucleophilic amino-acid residue often, a serine using an enzyme that produces an antibiotic. This produces an acyl-enzyme intermediate, which bonds to the reacting molecule as part of is subsequently hydrolysed to release the depsipeptide. In one which the nucleophilic residue is substituted by the 2,3-diaminopropionic acid DAP residue — which common class of enzyme, this process gen- here replaces the hydroxyl OH group of serine with an amine NH2 group.

The resulting acyl-enzyme erates acyl-enzyme intermediates in which a intermediate resists hydrolysis, allowing it to be visualized using X-ray crystallography. This enzyme belongs to a family of the reactant; this produces either an ester or loads only the ncAA. In a second that the modified ncAA could be distinguished depsipeptides peptides that contain one or step, the covalent bond is broken through a from the canonical amino acids.

Once the more ester linkages. Huguenin-Dezot and colleagues ducing bacteria at sufficient concentrations the bound product is ultimately released have developed a system that allows the to enable its incorporation into proteins. The release occurs through a reaction propionic acid DAP.

The the hydroxyl group OH of serine — or the analogue could be incorporated, and subse- thioesterase domain catalyses this reaction thiol group SH of cysteine — for an amine quently unmasked, in a test protein green by forming a covalent bond to the peptide to group NH2.

The acyl-enzyme intermediate fluorescent protein. Using the wild-type enzyme, Huguenin- groups, which can be incorporated into large, of many important enzymes. Gulick is in the Department of mechanism to join the three tetradepsipep- trap functional states for structural studies. Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine tides together. After the first tetradepsipeptide This has previously been done for polyketide and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, has been loaded onto the nucleophilic residue synthase enzymes which are closely related to Buffalo, New York , USA.

Huguenin-Dezot and 1. Wang, L. Huguenin-Dezot, N. Nature , — reacts with, the second one, temporarily istry and for recognizing enzyme substrates Payne, J. Cheng, Y. Olsen, S. Nature , — Bachovchin, D. Nature Rev. Drug depsipeptide then migrates to the thioester- enzymes. Lentz, C. Nature Chem. Gulick, A. This generates a dodecadepsipep- approaches for profiling enzyme function — Ye, Z. Biochemistry 53, — to form valinomycin. Backus, K. The authors next incorporated DAP into the terized hydrolases, and the bound molecule thioesterase domain to produce a stable acyl- could be then identified using methods based This article was published online on 12 December The X-ray struc- ture also shows that part of the thioesterase domain known as the lid region undergoes a substantial conformational change to orient Antibodies have been engineered to recognize diverse strains of influenza, the depsipeptide correctly for reaction.

It should be noted that this is not a per- against diverse flu viruses in mice, and that. T fect mimic of the natural linkage. But in the year cause human disease: influenza A and influ- like a double bond — also constrains it to a that it ended, an even deadlier calamity swept enza B.

Such a restriction does not the globe. The influenza pandemic is esti- been a challenge because both influenza A and apply for ester and thioester linkages. This is a mated to have killed between 50 million and influenza B are composed of diverse strains, minor issue, however, and does not diminish million people1. Flu contin- disease was unknown. Had a vaccine been for degradation , or any of the many types ues to pose a threat to human health, and there available, it would probably have limited the of hydrolase enzyme used in diverse bond- is a pressing need to develop countermeasures global catastrophe.

However, developing an cleaving processes 6,7. Previous efforts to that can confer broad protection against the effective flu vaccine is not straightforward visualize the structures of acyl-enzyme inter- different flu strains. Moreover, vaccines are because flu viruses can mutate rapidly4. The mediates have often used molecules that react usually less effective at providing protection high level of mutation results in continuous irreversibly with the nucleophilic amino-acid for children and for older individuals than they variation in two key viral proteins over time.

One of these is haemagglutinin, which is logues of acyl-enzyme intermediates — but Writing in Science, Laursen et al. Figure 1 Engineered antibodies target diverse strains of influenza virus. Laursen et al. Llama antibodies, like human antibodies, contain regions known as heavy chains, but lack structures called light chains. In vitro analyses enabled the identification of antibodies that provide potent protection against the virus, and the authors isolated antibodies that targeted the two major groups of the virus: influenza A green antibodies and influenza B purple antibodies.

The antibodies also included an Fc region to aid interaction with immune cells. These antibodies provided protection against selected influenza A and B strains when tested in mice. By engineering antibodies in which several clear only with clinical testing.

There nected by protein linkers, the authors were resemble the related domains of human anti- are 18 distinct subtypes of haemagglutinin able to create antibodies that targeted multi- bodies , yet the efficacy of such modifications and 11 versions of neuraminidase. These two ple viruses. And fusing such structures to an would need to be evaluated in humans.

For example, the designation H1N1 such chimaeric proteins to interact with and there are limitations to achieving sufficient and indicates that a flu virus has haemagglutinin activate immune cells.

When mice received either engineered this virus in gene-therapy treatments The bound to the engineered antibodies might structure in a region of haemagglutinin termed gene-delivery approach ensured production of form over time.